摄影构图:迅速提升照片水平的150个关键技法：迅速提升照片水平的150个关键技法

Part 1 构图基础知识················ 11 [INTRO 1] 考虑如何构图················ 12 [INTRO 2] 考虑构图方式················14 [STEP 1] 相机的表现方法 1 横拍/ 竖拍················ 15 2 水平拍摄/ 倾斜拍摄············17 3 聚焦拍摄/ 全景拍摄············ 18 4 从高位进行拍摄/ 从低位进行拍摄······ 19 5 变换角度进行拍摄············· 20 6 带有构图意识地使用三脚架·········· 21 7 更换镜头进行拍摄·············· 22 8 改变光圈进行拍摄·············· 24 9 调整快门速度进行拍摄············ 26 [STEP 2] 构图 1 考虑照片主次·················28 2 加法法则···················30 3 减法法则···················32 4 四角构图法则·················34 5 色彩法则···················36 6 考虑视线···················38 [STEP 3] 活用范例 1 活用构图范例··················42 2 三分构图法···················43 3 二分构图法···················44 4 对角线构图···················44 5 圆心构图····················45 6 山型构图····················45 7 垂直水平构图··················46 8 斜线构图····················46 9 对称构图····················47 10 对比构图···················47 11 曲线构图····················48 12 放射线构图···················48 13 三角形构图···················49 14 框架式构图···················49 15 重复构图····················50 16 点构图·····················50 17 组合使用构图元素················51 ［实践篇］ 摄影师的观点 构图流程 ①········52 ［实践篇］摄影师的观点 构图流程 ②········54 专栏 纵横比与拍摄方法的不同············56 Part 2 构图技巧实战···················· 57 [Nature] 自然风光 1 使用放射线构图，强调樱花枝头垂落的震撼感·············· 58 2 通过重复构图法表现散落的樱花瓣··················· 59 3 通过对比构图发现变化，引发想象···················59 4 使用前景散景，形成框架式构图，突出主题··············· 60 5 通过焦点和颜色两次把画面分割，突出花丛的华丽············61 6 通过二分法构图塑造美感，突出主体·················· 61 7 通过曲线表现花朵的美丽·······················62 8 通过前景散景演绎出花海的感觉····················63 9 通过改变向日葵花田的面积改变给人的印象···············63 10 大胆截取山的局部，使湖面变得生动·················64 11 将山以三角形配置，营造出稳定感··················65 12 灵活截取堤坝的部分曲线，营造出不可思议的空间感··········65 13 使用三分法构图，明确主题······················66 14 通过对比荚状云和树木的剪影，营造出距离感··············67 15 通过对称构图表现宇宙般的氛围·····················67 16 通过二分法和三分法构图诠释大海的要素················· 68 17 把水平面放在三分法参考线下部，表现出天空的高远·············69 18 灵活利用海岸线的曲线，强调壮丽雄伟···················69 19 通过对角线构图表现山岳风光的动感····················70 20 通过V型构图进一步强调山峰的存在感····················71 21 使用三分法构图表现宏大风景的层次感···················71 22 通过山型构图的稳定感刻画瀑布的魄力···················72 23 通过流水的曲线表现溪流的清凉感·····················73 24 使用斜线构图形成对比，表现出水的流动··················73 25 利用放射线构图捕捉枝繁叶茂的场景····················74 26 通过山型构图使木质建筑物和红叶形成对比·················75 27 灵活使用重复和曲线构图表达落叶之美···················75 28 通过对角线构图突出主角的存在感·····················76 29 通过将叶片的排列组成图案产生规律感···················77 30 通过相反的颜色进一步突出红叶的色调···················77 31 利用三分法构图拍摄夕阳美景·······················78 32 使用山型构图将只有天空和树木的风景变得鲜明···············79 33 巧妙地利用点缀反衬云彩的壮美······················79 34 利用冰瀑的动感姿态营造出规律感·····················80 35 使用垂直构图，准确对焦拍摄冰棱的黑白世界················81 36 通过斜线和重复构图表现冬季田埂的广袤··················81 37 通过对角线和三分法构图营造动与静····················82 38 从低角度拍摄使雪花如同波浪一般 ····················83 39 通过三角形构图拍摄河流，表现两岸的宽广·················83 40 用广角镜头和放射线构图强调光影的延伸··················84 41 去掉多余元素，强调影子的存在感·····················85 42 通过三分法构图营造曲线稳定之美·····················85 43 使用山型构图让引导视线在山脊中移动···················86 44 通过二分法构图进一步强调雪景的壮美···················87 45 使用二分法构图引导视线至主角······················87 [Animal] 动物 46 利用斜线引导视线····························88 47 使用广角镜头表现出猫咪独特的柔美····················89 48 用好圆心构图法，活用背景························89 49 使用二分法构图强调猫咪的睡姿······················90 50 使用二分法构图突出身体的局部······················91 51 适当模糊周围刻画热闹市场中的猫咪····················91 52 使用放射线构图强调狗的存在·······················92 53 使用二分法和三分法构图表现出环境的美好·················93 54 使用二分法构图同时刻画主角和背景····················93 55 使用对角线构图和前景散景来强调蝴蝶···················94 56 在拍摄物体面对的方向留下空间，营造出展翅欲飞的效果·······················95 57 使用对角线构图中的动线营造动感································95 58 注意四个角落的空间，表现出动物的气势·····························96 59 通过树叶和猫头鹰的对比演绎出隐藏在茂密林间的风光·······················97 60 截取身体线条凸显出横纹的美好·································97 61 模糊背景，使用三分法构图突出主角·······························98 62 通过圆心构图和框架式构图突出面部特征·····························99 63 截取身体线条表现凶猛气势···································99 64 通过稳定头部曲线展现优雅···································100 65 通过山型构图展现出羽毛的舒展·································101 66 留意企鹅脸部的位置并留出空间·································101 67 通过圆心构图和对比构图表达出鲨鱼的巨大····························102 68 水母重复出现营造出如梦如幻的空间·······························103 69 通过圆心构图和黑白色调强调鲨鱼的造型·····························103 70 通过三分法和二分法构图使风景更加稳定·····························104 71 羊群重复出现引导视线向远处移动································105 72 使用圆心构图配合背景演绎出不可思议的空间感··························105 [Portrait] 人物 73 使用广角镜头对比牛和小孩···································106 74 使用框架式构图进一步强调女孩的表情······························107 75 通过平缓的斜线构图表现出照片的柔美······························107 76 倾斜画面表现出卡丁车的速度感·································108 77 低角度仰拍记录天空，表现出高远的感觉·····························109 78 灵活利用曲线和立体感演绎出欢快氛围······························109 79 倾斜画面进行拍摄，强调孩子的活泼·······························110 80 通过圆心构图法强调孩子活泼的表情和动作····························111 81 采用低角度捕捉孩子自然的表情·································111 82 通过垂直水平构图拍摄人物特写·································112 83 采用高角度俯拍捕捉孩子的成熟·································113 84 通过平缓的山型构图营造出稳定感································113 85 采用竖向拍摄，有效利用背景空间································114 86 通过三分法构图营造寂寥的氛围·································115 87 通过加法构图拍摄街道风格···································115 88 通过三分法和放射线构图表现自然的表情·····························116 89 通过逆光和低角度拍摄出寂寥的氛围·······························117 90 通过三分法构图突出服装这一主题································117 91 通过放射线构图使照片演绎出故事感·······························118 92 通过二分法构图突出女性形象，激发观众想象力··························119 93 为了突出女性形象，创造出框景效果·······························119 94 通过斜线构图突出女性存在感··································120 95 使用广角镜头，通过低角度拍摄出女性时尚魅力··························121 96 通过二分法构图，利用对比效果大胆表现女性···························121 [City & Town] 街拍 97 通过放射线构图表现小巷的氛围·································122 98 通过对称构图突出稳定的氛围··································123 99 通过二分法构图平衡主角和背景的关系······························123 100 通过斜线构图表现环境的广阔·································124 101 通过二分法构图，使用长焦镜头拍摄列车穿行花田的场景·····················125 102 通过点构图演绎出列车驶过后的恬静气氛····························125 103 通过三角形构图营造出明快的空间·······························126 104 通过二分法构图，均衡布置场景让人对红色墙壁印象深刻·····················127 105 通过低位拍摄和放射线构图表现出大厦的高峻··························127 106 留意四角的要素，使照片拥有绘画般效果····························128 107 考虑画面的平衡，突出水滴的主角地位·····························129 108 通过曲线构图表现水中倒影··································129 109 通过对角线和对比构图突出街道的模样·····························130 110 通过对称构图的稳定性表现街道的活力·····························131 111 尽优选可能利用光影形成的线条································131 112 活用曲线构图，表达跃动感··································132 113 使用水平的山型构图表现建筑物的稳定·····························133 114 利用放射线状分布的火烧云表现寂寥氛围····························133 115 增加配角，调整画面平衡···································134 116 将主角安排在三分法的交点位置，通过斜线构图营造出动感····················135 117 通过曲线和放射线构图演绎出不可思议的异度空间························135 118 通过放射线构图强调不断笔直延伸的道路····························136 119 使用框景效果突出露珠的可爱·································137 120 通过圆心构图使自然形成的空间让人印象深刻··························137 121 将拍摄对象组成三角形，营造画面的深度····························138 122 通过对称构图灵活表现图案之美································139 123 通过三分法构图优选发挥影子效果·····························139 124 通过广角镜头和圆心构图强调汽车的存在感···························140 125 将车置于宽阔的背景之下，向观众传递该场景··························141 126 通过直线装饰条，突出边缘、强调车身曲线···························141 [Table photo & Interior] 静物装饰景 127 使用三分法构图的交点来突出菜肴·······························142 128 通过桌面上的线条引导观众视线关注水果的形状·························143 129 灵活使用曲线构图表现菜肴的美味·······························143 130 大胆取舍，表现食物的质感··································144 131 有意识地布置照片元素，刻画出身临其境之感··························145 132 利用交叉的构图参考线使食物让人印象深刻···························145 133 通过形状与色彩的对比演绎出甜点的华丽····························146 134 使用三角形构图完美安排蛋糕的位置······························147 135 使用色彩和斜线构图营造动感，演绎流行元素··························147 136 通过平滑的线条表现杂物的可爱································148 137 利用三角形构图和四角原则表现乐趣······························149 138 俯拍出照片的立体感并烘托热闹景象······························149 139 使用二分法构图演绎历史感··································150 140 留意物体的水平，使目光聚焦在正常的主题上··························151 141 通过俯拍强调拍摄物体的曲线，使其更加立体··························151 142 使用三角形构图表现灯具曲线的动感效果····························152 143 使用对角线构图表现图片中直线交错的效果···························153 144 通过圆心构图和对称构图强调光影·······························153 145 灵活使用斜线表达出房间氛围·································154 146 利用书架的斜线线条增强照片立体感······························155 147 通过白色墙壁的线条与家具的对比增强存在感··························155 148 使用S 曲线突出玫瑰的美丽··································156 149 灵活使用散景效果强调花的美好氛围······························157 150 通过圆心构图和流行手法强调花朵特征·····························157 名词解释············································158 作者简介············································162

上田晃司（うえだ·こうじ）：留学美国旧金山学习摄影及摄像的同时，参与过电视节目、CM和视频的制作。回国后担任摄影家塙真一的助手，后作为自由摄影师出道。以为杂志撰稿、拍摄广告照片为主。将在世界各地拍摄作为毕生事业。近年还举办演讲并开始著书。Nikon College讲师。 河野铁平（こうの·てっぺい）：1976年出生于东京。明治学院大学毕业后，师从摄影师TERAUCHI MASATO。参与写真杂志《PHaT PHOTO》的创刊。2003年独立工作。著作有《享受相机和摄影的很好教科书》（MdN）、《时尚照片的拍摄教程》（玄光社MOOK）等。 杉本恭子（すぎもと·きょうこ）：出生于东京，原来在大型IT企业担任系统工程师，之后师从摄影家竹内敏信。作品入选很多摄影比赛，经常被报纸和杂志采用。近年的著作有《我的摄影入门》（文艺社Visual Art）。最近在东京和名古屋多次开办摄影教室和摄影交流会。日本摄影师协会会员。日本摄影协会会员。日本摄影治愈法协会理事。 种清丰（たねきよ·ゆたか）：1982 年出生于大阪。从京都产业大学外国语学部德语专业毕业后，师从摄影家竹内敏信。担任了3年助手后，2007 年开始作为自由摄影师出道。在写真教室授课以及进行商品摄影、在专业摄影杂志、网络上刊登照片有关的文章。Canon EOS 学园讲师。NPO法人 PCC俱乐部讲师。日本摄影学院讲师。 中川文作（なかがわ· ぶんさく）：1983 年出生于茨城县。东京摄影学园毕业后，在Studio 60 工作。辞职后担任摄影师中岛繁树的助手，2008 年作为自由摄影师出道。杂志、广告、人物摄影为主，在很多领域都非常活跃。 並木隆（なみき· たかし）：1971 年出生于东京。高中在校时结识摄影家丸林正则。从东京摄影专业学园（现：东京Visual Art’s）退学后，成为自由摄影师。现在为很多杂志供稿，并且在Canon EOS学园等很多摄影教室中担任讲师。主要是以花为主题进行创作。日本自然科学摄影协会会员、日本摄影家协会会员。

本书是众多摄影专业人士的构图经验总结，通过引导读者考虑构图方式来挖掘其拍摄动机，并从相机的表现方法、构图、活用案例这三个方面培养读者构图意识，树立个人的作品风格，拍摄出新颖、独特的照片。书中不仅介绍了常规的点、线、面、图形等构图元素，还讲述了如何将各个元素融合运用以获得绝美摄影作品的方法。除了基本技法的介绍外，书中还精选了风光、人像、街拍、动物、静物领域的150个实战案例，详尽讲述了构图在不同场景和主题中的应用。

调整前后对比图展示，让你可以直观感受到知名构图对作品的巨大影响； 引入辅助线讲解，化繁为简，让晦涩的摄影术语也能一看就懂； 自然风光、人物、动物、街拍等主题实战构图技巧讲解，让你可以真正应用到自己的摄影作品中。

本书是众多摄影专业人士的构图经验总结，通过引导读者考虑构图方式来挖掘其拍摄动机，并从相机的表现方法、构图、活用案例这三个方面培养读者的构图意识，树立个人的作品风格，拍摄出新颖、独特的照片。书中不仅介绍了常规的点、线、面、图形等构图元素，还讲述了如何将各个元素融合运用以获得绝美摄影作品的方法。除了基本技法的介绍外，书中还精选了风光、人像、街拍、动物、静物领域的150个实战案例，详尽讲述了构图在不同场景和主题中的应用。 本书适合摄影爱好者，尤其是在构图方面遇到瓶颈的摄影爱好者参考阅读，对于有一定经验的摄影师，本书也同样适用。

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